Accessibility and tangible interaction in distributed workspaces based on multi-touch surfaces

[EN] Traditional interaction mechanisms in distributed digital spaces often fail to consider the intrinsic properties of action, perception, and communication among workgroups, which may affect access to the common resources used to mutually organize information. By developing suitable spatial geometries and natural interaction mechanisms, distributed spaces can become blended where the physical and virtual boundaries of local and remote spaces merge together to provide the illusion of a single unified space. In this paper, we discuss the importance of blended interaction in distributed spaces and the particular challenges faced when designing accessible technology. We illustrate this discussion through a new tangible interaction mechanism for collaborative spaces based on tabletop system technology implemented with optical frames. Our tangible elements facilitate the exchange of digital information in distributed collaborative settings by providing a physical manifestation of common digital operations. The tangibles are designed as passive elements that do not require the use of any additional hardware or external power while maintaining a high degree of accuracy.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the European Regional Development Fund, through the ANNOTA Project (Ref. TIN2013-46036-C3-1-R).Salvador-Herranz, G.; Camba, J.; Contero, M.; Naya Sanchis, F. (2018). Accessibility and tangible interaction in distributed workspaces based on multi-touch surfaces. Universal Access in the Information Society. 17(2):247-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-017-0563-7S247256172Arkin, E.M., Chew, L.P., Huttenlocher, D.P., Kedem, K., Mitchell, J.S.B.: An efficiently computable metric for comparing polygonal shapes. IEEE Trans. Acoust. 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Interfaz caligráfica para el diseño industrial

[ESP] En la actualidad continúan predominando las interfaces gráficas de usuario basadas en el paradigma WIMP (Windows, Icon, Menu, Pointing Device), lo que supone en ciertas ocasiones una excesiva rigidez para el diseñador en las primeras etapas del proceso de diseño, donde los bocetos realizados con lápiz y papel constituyen todavía la herramienta fundamental que permite expresar la creatividad del ingeniero. Debido a esto, la existencia de una interfaz gráfica de usuario basada en esbozos y gestos, resulta de gran interés, ya que facilitaría la comunicación y la creatividad del diseñador. Dentro de este contexto, el grupo de investigación REGEO ha desarrollado una aplicación para generar automáticamente modelos virtuales 3D, partiendo de dibujos a mano alzada en 2D. Esta aplicación automática se enmarca en la línea de lo que se denominan Interfaces Caligráficas. Aunque todavía queda mucho trabajo por hacer, la aplicación presenta mejoras en comparación con las formas tradicionales de modelado con ordenador, ya que la metodología utilizada para modelar es más familiar. Estudios preliminares muestran que nuestro sistema de modelado presenta ciertas ventajas respecto a los actuales sistemas CAD. [ENG]At present user’s graphics interfaces based on WIMP (Windows, Icon, Menu, Pointing Device) systems are still the most common technique, which in many cases involves an excessive stiffness for the user at the first stages of the design process,in which pen-and-paper sketches are the basic tools to express the engineer’s creativity. As a consequence, a user’s graphic interfaz based on sketches and gestures becomes relevant as it should help the designer’s communication and creativity. Within this context, the research team REGEO has developed a computer application to automatically generate 3D virtual models from freehand 2D drawings. This automatic application can be included in the research area of Calligraphic Interfaces. While much work remains to be done, the current application already shows gains with respect to more traditional forms of modeling in that it embodies a drawing approach familiar. Preliminary studies show that our modeling system compares favorably to commercial grade CAD systems.[ENG] At present user’s graphics interfaces based on WIMP (Windows, Icon, Menu, Pointing Device) systems are still the most common technique, which in many cases involves an excessive stiffness for the user at the first stages of the design process,in which pen-and-paper sketches are the basic tools to express the engineer’s creativity. As a consequence, a user’s graphic interfaz based on sketches and gestures becomes relevant as it should help the designer’s communication and creativity. Within this context, the research team REGEO has developed a computer application to automatically generate 3D virtual models from freehand 2D drawings. This automatic application can be included in the research area of Calligraphic Interfaces. While much work remains to be done, the current application already shows gains with respect to more traditional forms of modeling in that it embodies a drawing approach familiar. Preliminary studies show that our modeling system compares favorably to commercial grade CAD systems

Sustainability and interoperability: An economic study on BIM implementation by a small Civil Engineering firm

[EN] Sustainability and interoperability are two closely related concepts. By analyzing the three fundamental facets of sustainability-economic, ecological and ethical/social-it is easier to address their connection with the concept of interoperability. This paper focuses on the economic aspect, in the field of civil engineering. In this area, due to the local nature of many of the software tools used, interoperability problems are frequent, with few studies addressing the economic impact of this, especially in small engineering firms. The main contribution of this paper is a design methodology for linear works based on the federation of building information modelling (BIM) models created with different software tools, conceived to break the interoperability issues between these applications. As an example, this methodology is applied to a mountain road widening project. A detailed economic analysis of the application of this methodology by an engineering Spanish firm reveals the important cost reductions that the integration of the software tools provides versus the prior practices.The authors wish to acknowledge support from ISTRAM, CivileStudio and the engineering firm for the information provided.Aranda Domingo, JÁ.; Martin-Dorta, N.; Naya Sanchis, F.; Conesa-Pastor, J.; Contero, M. (2020). Sustainability and interoperability: An economic study on BIM implementation by a small Civil Engineering firm. Sustainability. 12(22):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229581S1161222Grilo, A., & Jardim-Goncalves, R. (2010). Value proposition on interoperability of BIM and collaborative working environments. Automation in Construction, 19(5), 522-530. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2009.11.003Bynum, P., Issa, R. R. A., & Olbina, S. (2013). Building Information Modeling in Support of Sustainable Design and Construction. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 139(1), 24-34. doi:10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000560BuildingSMART Internationalhttps://www.buildingsmart.org/Modelos digitales del terreno: Introducción y aplicaciones a las ciencias ambientales. Oviedo Univ. Oviedo 1994, 118http://www.etsimo.uniovi.es/~feliBaltsavias, E. P. (1999). A comparison between photogrammetry and laser scanning. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 54(2-3), 83-94. doi:10.1016/s0924-2716(99)00014-3Hirpa, D., Hare, W., Lucet, Y., Pushak, Y., & Tesfamariam, S. (2016). A bi-objective optimization framework for three-dimensional road alignment design. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 65, 61-78. doi:10.1016/j.trc.2016.01.016Yepes, V., Alcala, J., Perea, C., & González-Vidosa, F. (2008). A parametric study of optimum earth-retaining walls by simulated annealing. Engineering Structures, 30(3), 821-830. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.05.023Nehate, G., & Rys, M. (2006). 3D Calculation of Stopping-Sight Distance from GPS Data. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 132(9), 691-698. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-947x(2006)132:9(691)Borga, M., Tonelli, F., & Selleroni, J. (2004). A physically based model of the effects of forest roads on slope stability. Water Resources Research, 40(12). doi:10.1029/2004wr003238Vanmarcke, E. H. (1977). Reliability of Earth Slopes. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, 103(11), 1247-1265. doi:10.1061/ajgeb6.0000518Istram Softwarehttps://www.istram.netCivileStudio Softwarehttps://www.civilestudio.comBates, P. ., & De Roo, A. P. . (2000). A simple raster-based model for flood inundation simulation. Journal of Hydrology, 236(1-2), 54-77. doi:10.1016/s0022-1694(00)00278-xBryde, D., Broquetas, M., & Volm, J. M. (2013). The project benefits of Building Information Modelling (BIM). International Journal of Project Management, 31(7), 971-980. doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2012.12.001Ghaffarianhoseini, A., Tookey, J., Ghaffarianhoseini, A., Naismith, N., Azhar, S., Efimova, O., & Raahemifar, K. (2017). Building Information Modelling (BIM) uptake: Clear benefits, understanding its implementation, risks and challenges. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 75, 1046-1053. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.083Love, P. E. D., & Matthews, J. (2019). The ‘how’ of benefits management for digital technology: From engineering to asset management. Automation in Construction, 107, 102930. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2019.102930Shin, M., Lee, H., & Kim, H. (2018). Benefit–Cost Analysis of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in a Railway Site. Sustainability, 10(11), 4303. doi:10.3390/su10114303Barlish, K., & Sullivan, K. (2012). How to measure the benefits of BIM — A case study approach. Automation in Construction, 24, 149-159. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2012.02.008Ham, N., Moon, S., Kim, J.-H., & Kim, J.-J. (2018). Economic Analysis of Design Errors in BIM-Based High-Rise Construction Projects: Case Study of Haeundae L Project. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 144(6), 05018006. doi:10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001498Hong, Y., Hammad, A. W. A., Akbarnezhad, A., & Arashpour, M. (2020). A neural network approach to predicting the net costs associated with BIM adoption. Automation in Construction, 119, 103306. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2020.10330

Generación de modelos sólidos a partir de bocetos

Este trabajo se enmarca dentro del desarrollo de una herramienta de soporte a la fase de diseño conceptual del desarrollo de producto, que mediante la definición de un boceto en perspectiva realizado mediante una tableta gráfica LCD, la superación de una fase de reconstrucción 2D pasa a alimentar un motor de reconstrucción geométrica, que genera un modelo de superficies del objeto reconstruido. Actualmente esta aplicación exporta la geometría del objeto reconstruido en los formatos DXF y VRML. El objetivo de este trabajo es ampliar las opciones de salida de esta aplicación, para permitir la reutilización de los modelos reconstruidos en otras aplicaciones CAD. Para ello se ha elegido el protocolo de aplicación 203 de ISO 10303 (STEP), siendo necesario para ello, la generación de un modelo b-rep del sólido reconstruido. En esta ponencia se presentan los algoritmos implementados, para lograr la conversión del modelo de superficies de partida, en un auténtico modelo sólido b-rep

Interfaz gestual para la definición de condiciones de ensamblaje para la generación de maquetas digitales

[ESP] En el presente trabajo, se presenta un prototipo experimental denominado GEGROSS (GEsture & Geometric RecOnstruction based Sketch System) que pretende facilitar al máximo el proceso de ensamblaje de las piezas necesarias para crear una maqueta digital a través de la codificación mediante un lenguaje de gestos gráficos de las condiciones de ensamblaje. Para ello los elementos utilizados han sido por una parte el motor geométrico ACIS, el gestor de restricciones de ensamblaje 3D DCM de la firma D-Cubed, y la biblioteca CALI para la definición de interfaces gestuales. En el artículo se presenta la estrategia seguida para la integración de estas complejas herramientas, y el alfabeto de gestos desarrollado para las diferentes condiciones de ensamblaje.[ENG] In this paper we present an experimental prototype called GEGROSS (GEsture & eometric Reconstruction based Sketch System), that pretends to facility to the maximum the process of assembly in order to create a digital mock up, using the definition and codificationof graphical gestures of assembly condition. The elements used to make this possible have been: the geometric kernel ACIS, the constraint manager 3D DCM from D-Cubed firm and the CALI library for the definition of gestural interfaces. In this paper we present the strategy for the integration of these complex tools, and the gestural alphabet developed for the different assembly conditions.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por la Universidad de La Laguna a través del “Programa de Ayudas a la Investigación para la Formación y Promoción del Profesorado. Ayudas para Estancias de Investigadores Invitados” y por la Generalidad Valenciana, a través del proyecto de referencia CTIDIB/2002/51 de la convocatoria 2002 de Proyectos de I+D

Sketch-Based Modeling in Mechanical Engineering Design: Current Status and Opportunities

[EN] Sketch-Based Modeling (SBM) is a field of study that focuses on the automatic creation of 3D models from freehand drawings. Today, two related branches coexist: one aimed at facilitating input for 3D content creation, and the other aimed at routing engineering designs into CAD/CAM/CAE. The latter is the goal of this position paper. Early attempts concentrated on the problem of line-drawing interpretation, but efforts switched toward geometric reconstruction as the "inverse projection "problem became the most challenging step to produce 3D models from 2D line-drawings. The term SBM was popularized when sketches began to displace line-drawings as main input. In the context of engineering design, interest in SBM has somewhat decreased, as studies have shown that current SBM tools are not as usable as paper and pencil sketches, nor do they yet provide any additional value to traditional media. Furthermore, engineers feel reasonably comfortable with current Mechanical CAD (MCAD) paradigms based on parametric modeling, and fail to recognize the potential benefits of interacting with computers via sketches. However, new technological trends such as personal fabrication and the democratization of CAD and manufacturing can significantly benefit from improved SBM tools. In this paper, we conduct a meta-review of the SBM literature which we view as a combination of three elements: geometry (shape), psychology (perception), and engineering (function). We advocate for a new approach to SBM based on reformulating the weights of these elements as an approach for searching the set of intentions in sketches conveyed through cues which, when perceived, reveal regularities and features of the object. Finally, we consider quality of CAD models not just as error-free models, reusable models, or even models that convey design intent, but models that consider these interrelated aspects as a whole. B-Rep models produced by current SBM approaches are "dumb models "without parametrization or procedures required to enable reusability and ensure that the design intent of the sketch is properly conveyed. We advocate for improved analysis approaches aimed at revealing higher-level design information embedded in engineering sketches, as a critical stage to generate richer 3D MCAD models.Camba, JD.; Company, P.; Naya Sanchis, F. (2022). Sketch-Based Modeling in Mechanical Engineering Design: Current Status and Opportunities. Computer-Aided Design. 150:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2022.10328311315

On the role of geometric constraints to support design intent communication and model reusability

[EN] The assurance of model quality in parametric CAD implies that designers must build models that facilitate reuse while retaining their design intent when modified. In this context, a suitable selection of geometric constraints that operate within and between features is key to produce robust-while-flexible models which are a prerequisite for reusability. This paper introduces a new classification of 3D CAD model constraints that builds on the idea that making the meanings, similarities and differences explicit can result in better usage, making models robust to prevent catastrophic failures when edited as well as flexible enough to enable easy editing. Results from a preliminary user study designed to validate the significance of the new classification are discussed. Simple exposure to the proposed classification appears insufficient to validate effectiveness. Future work on educational approaches that focus on the challenges of selecting an effective set of constraints for particular reuse scenarios is suggested.This work was partially supported by the Spanish grant DPI2017-84526-R (MINECO/AEI/FEDER, UE), project "CAL-MBE, Implementation and validation of a theoretical CAD quality model in a Model-Based Enterprise (MBE) context".Company, P.; Naya Sanchis, F.; Contero, M.; Camba, JD. (2020). On the role of geometric constraints to support design intent communication and model reusability. Computer-Aided Design and Applications. 17(1):61-76. https://doi.org/10.14733/cadaps.2020.61-76S617617